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Glossary Term
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Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

Definition

A Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is a long, thin tube inserted into a peripheral vein (usually in the arm) and threaded through larger veins into the central venous system, near the heart. PICCs are used to administer medications, fluids, and nutrition, as well as to collect blood samples over an extended period. They are often used in patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy, such as chemotherapy, long-term antibiotic administration, or total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Relevance to the MedTech Industry

PICCs provide a reliable and long-term access point to the central venous system for patients who need frequent or prolonged intravenous therapy. Unlike standard peripheral intravenous (IV) lines, which are typically used for short-term treatments, PICCs are designed for extended use, providing patients with an efficient way to receive treatment while reducing the need for repeated needle insertions.

Additional Information & Related Terms

Key Aspects of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC)

  1. Catheter Material:

    • PICCs are typically made from flexible, biocompatible materials such as polyurethane or silicone to ensure they are durable, flexible, and safe for long-term use.

    • A silicone PICC line may be chosen for its reduced risk of clot formation compared to other materials.

  2. Insertion Point:

    • PICCs are inserted through a peripheral vein, commonly in the arm, and advanced through larger veins toward the superior vena cava, near the heart.

    • A PICC line may be inserted into the basilic or cephalic vein in the arm and threaded into the central venous system.

  3. Length and Size:

    • PICC lines are available in various lengths and sizes to suit different patient anatomies and treatment needs. The appropriate size is selected based on the patient’s vein size and the type of treatment.

    • A pediatric patient may require a shorter, smaller-sized PICC line than an adult patient.

  4. Lumens:

    • PICCs can have multiple lumens (internal channels), which allow for the simultaneous administration of different treatments, such as fluids, medications, or blood products, without interference.

    • A dual-lumen PICC line allows for the administration of antibiotics and TPN at the same time.

  5. Heparin or Antimicrobial Coatings:

    • Some PICCs are coated with heparin or antimicrobial agents to reduce the risk of blood clots and infections during long-term use.

    • A heparin-coated PICC, for example, can help reduce the risk of catheter occlusions caused by clot formation.

Challenges or Considerations

  • Infection Risk:

    • One of the primary risks associated with PICC lines is infection, particularly bloodstream infections like catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Careful insertion techniques, proper maintenance, and regular monitoring are essential to minimizing this risk.

  • Thrombosis (Blood Clot Formation):

    • Blood clots can form around the catheter, leading to occlusion or more serious complications. Anticoagulants and proper catheter management are often used to reduce this risk.

  • Catheter Occlusion:

    • Blockages can occur in PICC lines due to blood clots or drug precipitates. Regular flushing with saline or heparinized saline is essential to maintain patency.

  • Insertion Complications:

    • Insertion of a PICC can cause complications such as accidental arterial puncture, hematoma, or pneumothorax (air in the chest cavity). Proper training and technique are critical to minimize these risks.

  • Patient Comfort and Compliance:

    • While PICC lines are designed for long-term use, patients may experience discomfort, such as pain at the insertion site, or complications like swelling. Patient education and proper care protocols are important for improving compliance and comfort.


Related Terms

  • Central Venous Catheter (CVC): A broader category of catheter inserted into a central vein, including PICCs and other types of central lines, used for long-term intravenous access.

  • Intravenous (IV) Therapy: The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the vein. PICC lines are a form of IV therapy for long-term use.

  • Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI): An infection associated with the use of a catheter, including PICC lines. Prevention strategies focus on proper catheter maintenance and hygiene.

  • Antimicrobial Catheters: Catheters, including PICC lines, that are coated with antimicrobial substances to reduce infection risk.

  • Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot in the catheter, which can lead to complications such as blockage or infection. Regular flushing and anticoagulant therapy are used to prevent this.

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